How Bad Is the Air Pollution at Train Stations and Can It Harm Your Health?

If most of our time is spent indoors, then the next place of significance is our commutes. Many people rely on the public transport system and it may be convenient and ecological. We know the air at these high-traffic urban areas probably is not the best, but how bad is the air pollution and how bad it is for your health?

Studies on Air Pollution at Train Stations

Metro systems play a crucial role in public transportation worldwide. Given that metro stations are unique built environments with a significant volume of daily commuters, ensuring a satisfactory air quality in these spaces becomes paramount.

Small particulates

The general air quality in an urban background already has a particulate matter, but on top of that you have all these extra emissions coming from trains stations. These include particles that come from the carriage moving along the rails, the brake blocks rubbing on the wheels, and the electrical connection between the collector plate and the live rail.

The London Underground, for example, sees up to five million passengers hopping on and off its network. Its 11 lines serve 272 stations, and at peak times there can be over 500 trains hurtling around beneath the streets of London.

All of our fellow passengers, human and otherwise, also contribute to the dust. Hair and skin cells, plastic fibres from clothing, and animal particulates.

Some particles are large enough to be caught by the hairs in our nose and throat, stopping them from getting into our lungs and causing damage there. These are typically referred to as PM10; particulate matter that is under 10 micrometres in diameter, or roughly 0.01mm.

Underground Air Is Worse than Ground-Level

Several studies have reported that particulate matter in underground metro stations were higher than those reported at street-level. In a study of three European metro systems (Barcelona, Athens and Oporto), PM2.5 concentrations in commuter platforms were higher than that in the urban ambient environment (Martins et al., 2016a).

Mean PM2.5 concentrations in underground metro stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, were found to be higher than those at street-level (Shakya et al., 2020).

In Nanjing, China, particle concentrations in underground station concourses were typically higher than those in ambient air (Ji et al., 2021). In Prague, particulate matter concentration levels in the underground metro peaked during rush hour and were found to be highly enriched with iron and other metallic elements during train operating hours (Cusack et al., 2015).

Exposure to Bad Air at Train Stations vs in Cars

While the car isn’t worse than the tube in the case of PM2.5, it is much worse for other pollutants like nitrous oxides.”

It also depends on the design of the train station.

In Singapore, measures such as opting for full-height doors at the platform help maintain air quality on trains and in stations. One study found that PM2.5 levels in the majority of stations exceeded WHO 24-h guideline values.

The PM2.5 & PM10 levels were negatively associated with depth of platforms; the lower the train platforms were underground, the PM2.5, PM10, CO and CO2.

(Being in public areas expose you to other forms of pollution too, such as quats heavily found in almost all typical cleaning supplies. Tube trains and stations are cleaned with hospital-grade cleaning substances that are graded “anti-bacterial”. But this is another article.)

Studies on Indoor Air Quality and Sick-Building Syndrome at Metro Stations

One study looked at the Copenhagen Metro. Ventilation via doors during platform stops caused a drop in observed PM (and CO2) at stations, but the system is surprisingly polluted despite its recent construction.

CO2 mixing ratios ranged from ambient to around 600 ppm. Measures should be taken to control PM levels using a combination of source control and increased clean air supply of the Copenhagen and other similar metro systems.

More Pollution in Low-Humidity Winters

Metro station in Tianjin, China: With a lower relative humidity in winter, the coefficient of friction between railway wheels and rails increased, thus increasing particle emission. The carcinogenic risk of Cr on the platform was unacceptable. Moreover, the health risks induced by Ba should be investigated. The findings indicate that PM control at metro stationss, particularly on platforms in winter, should be emphasized.

Wide Range of Air Pollutants

Study from China, a review of 160 relevant studies performed across over 20 countries: These comprised more than 2000 individual measurement trips. Particulate matters, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls and airborne bacteria have been identified as the primary air pollutants inside metro system:

1. Fe was found as the most dominant element in the metro PM. Mechanical wear at the brake–wheel and wheel–rail interfaces were commonly recognized as the primary PM source in the metro air.

   As for the gaseous pollutants, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and acrolein were mostly found in the metro air. Service time of metro system, frequency of passing train, ventilation mode and airflow rate, the age and air-tightness of the metro train, interior materials, the number of passengers and the ambient pollution level outside the metro stations were identified as the key determinants that could play important roles of influencing the metro air quality.

2. The concentrations of aromatic VOCs in new metro carriage were 1-2 times lower than that in the old ones, as higher quality paint were used in new trains.

   Less air circulation and ventilation inside underground carriage was likely the reason of higher VOCs levels than the above-ground track. To reduce the exposure levels of air pollutants, PSDs, air purifier unit, high-efficiency air filter seemed to be effective measures. Among these measures, PSDs have been frequently installed in the newly built metro platforms worldwide.

3. Metro PM showed genotoxicity and ability to induce inflammatory due to large magnetite component. According to the acceptable level proposed by the WorldHealth Organization (1×10−6–1×10−5), the life carcinogenic risk of commuters by subway was sometimes above the acceptable level.

Air Pollution --- What You Need to Know

Air is a basic for life. But we take it for granted. Air pollution is a fact of most modern living now, and crosses boundaries across countries and into neighbourhood — it is difficult avoid it completely.

It can have serious health consequences over a lifetime. It's pretty grim reading, with impacts ranging from strokes to mental health issues.

But clean air is becoming increasingly rare. To the point that in some cities in the world, doing just 30 minutes of exercise does more harm than good [4].

In recent decades, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States has had great success in improving air quality. The emission of air toxins has declined 74 percent since 1990 [5].

However, by 2019, 82 million American’s were still living in counties that pollution levels still exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

1. Air Pollution Has Been Well Established as Detrimental to Our Health.
   Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer have been linked to air pollution in urban environments [7].

2. Air Pollution Hurts Cognitive Functions.

   Air pollution acts as a toxin and promotes inflammatory responses, which may cascade into neuroinflammation, dysregulation and neurodegeneration.

   Studies show that air pollution is linked to impaired judgement, mental health problems, poorer performance in school and most worryingly perhaps, higher levels of crime.

   Heavy metals in air is one contaminant that crosses the blood-brain barrier. The air we breathe could be changing our behaviour in ways we are only just beginning to understand.

   In 2011 that Sefi Roth, a researcher at the London School of Economics was pondering the many effects of air pollution. He was well aware of the negative outcome on health, increased hospital admissions and also mortality. But he was staggered to find a clear link between air quality and how well students perform in their examinations! Read more about his study here.
   
   This can be particularly harmful to children. Researchers at an asthma summer camp found that air pollution was significantly and consistently correlated with acute asthma exacerbations, chest symptoms and lung function decrements [8].

   A slew of studies have looked at air pollution and students’ academic performance in schools: Mohai et al. 2011; Grineski et al. 2020; Lu et al. 2021; Berman et al. 2018) and absenteeism (Berman et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2022)

3. Children Are Especially Vulnerable to Air Pollution

   Our young children are most vulnerable to adverse health effects from air pollution due to smaller physiques, faster rates of respiration, and developing organ systems (Legot et al. 2012; Gauderman et al. 2007; Garcia et al. 2021; Calderón-Garcidueñas et al. 2014).

4. Air Pollution Correlates with Crime and Violence.

   Roth analysed two years of crime data from over 600 of London’s electoral wards, and found that more petty crimes occurred on the most polluted days, in both rich and poor areas.

   We know heavy metals — common in air pollution— is one toxin that predicts more aggressive and violent behaviour in schools.

   Research, led by Jackson Lu of MIT examined nine years of data and covering almost the entire US in over 9,000 cities. It found that “air pollution predicted six major categories of crime”, including manslaughter, rape, robbery, stealing cars theft and assault. The cities highest in pollution also had the highest crime rates. This was another correlational study, but it accounted for factors like population, employment levels, age and gender – and pollution was still the main predictor of increased crime levels.

5. Air Pollution Can Result in Reduced Productivity.

   This 2016 study backed up the above studies as well as Roth’s initial findings that pollution can result in reduced productivity.

6. Air Pollution Can Make You Fat.

   So we know two people can eat the same foods, and do the same exercise, but over the course of a few years, one may put on more weight… It is due to an impaired metabolism (basically how your body makes energy), and air pollution is one major contributor to worsening metabolism.

   Traffic fumes and cigarette smoke are the top culprits because their tiny, irritating particles are able to trigger widespread inflammation and disrupt the body’s ability to burn energy.

   “We are starting to understand that the uptake and circulation of air pollution in the body can affect more than just the lungs,” — Hong Chen, a researcher at Public Health Ontario and the Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Canada.

7. Particulate Matter (pm2.5) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - Both of Which Come From Vehicle Exhausts Are Particularly Harmful.

   Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is comprised of solid and liquid aerosolized particles, so these can deposit deep into the lungs causing oxidative stress and inflammation in several organ systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, metabolic and neurological systems

   Check out these studies: Bont et al. 2022; Li et al. 2019; Burkart et al. 2022; Delgado-Saborit et al. 2021.

   Researchers couldn’t find any threshold where PM2.5 did no harm, and even those living in the least polluted suburbs of London were affecte.

8. Very Low Amounts of Carbon Monoxide (Co) Can Impair Brain Functions.

   Other air pollutants target the body via separate pathways.

   For example, carbon monoxide (CO) binds exceedingly well with Hemoglobin in the body. Hemoglobin, essential for oxygen delivery, binds with CO 200–300 times more than with oxygen, preventing oxygen from binding to hemoglobin (Patel et al. 2023)!

   CO is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas so carbon monoxide poisoning easily occurs, in which the body experiences severe hypoxia. The symptoms include: a shortness of breath, headache, an altered mental status. Finally, it can lead to death (Patel et al. 2023).

   A study of university students exposed to varying levels of CO revealed even low-level exposure resulted in impaired cognition and visual processing (Amitai et al. 1998).

9. Nitrogen Dioxide Can Cause Respiratory Diseases.

   NO2 in air pollution irritates the airways, aggravating including asthma (Epa 2022). It also affect the neurological system, as researchers have found associations between NO2 and dementia (Chang et al. 2014)

10. more than half of the world’s population now live in urban environments – and more of us are travelling in congested areas than ever before.

References and resources:

Rau AT, Harding AB, Ryan A, Ramirez MR, Renner LM, Berman JD. Ambient air pollution and the risk of violence in primary and secondary school settings: a cross-sectional study. Inj Epidemiol. 2024 Jun 13;11(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s40621-024-00512-6. PMID: 38867329; PMCID: PMC11170797.

Epilepsy, Seizures, and Toxicity: Why Are Childhood Seizures Increasing

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that start in the brain.

One single seizure or fit does not necessarily indicate Epilepsy, and a seizure can be caused by many factors.

Some types of seizures are more common in childhood, such as absence seizures which can be very brief —blink and you might miss it. It looks as though a child is ‘spaced out’, ‘daydreaming’ or not paying attention.

Learn how to help spot signs of seizures, so that you can get early treatment that may reduce the risk of lasting brain injury.

Symptoms of Seizures

Seizures is an abnormal, uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain altering function or behavior. It is the most common neurological condition in children. Seizures can occur spontaneously or be triggered by things such as stress, excitement, boredom and tiredness. Anti-epileptic drugs can be used to control seizures and establishing good sleep patterns, as well as maintaining a healthy diet have also been shown to help manage the condition.

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifies seizures based on the type of onset or where they originate in the brain.

Symptoms of seizures are widely variable but include stiffening (tonic) or rhythmic twitching (clonic) of one or more extremities or the face, staring spells, lip smacking or other non-purposeful movements or distinct periods of changes in behavior such as staring or sudden headache. In children on the autism spectrum, a sudden loss of languageskills or behavioral regression may be caused by epileptic disruption of organized brain activity that may not always show up clinically.

Between the time of the brain injury and the onset of seizures, called epileptogenesis, is a "silent" period because this brain abnormality cannot be detected by current neurological exams or electroencephalography (EEG). Before the actual observed seizure are brief, small electrical microbursts, or microseizures, occur before the onset of clinical recurrent seizures.

four main categories of seizures include:

• Generalized Seizures – affect entire brain
• Partial Seizures – affect part of the brain
• Non-Epileptic Seizures – not caused by epilepsy, but other things such as diabetes, fever, etc

Vaccines can cause fever, and fever in young children can lead to febrile seizures; these facts are not new. Febrile seizures are the most common seizure disorder of childhood and occur in ∼5% of all children, usually those younger than 24 months.
• Status Epilepticus – a seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes

Aside from neurosurgery, which benefits only a small population of Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, there are no other effective treatments or preventive strategies.

Environmental triggers of epilepsy

Seizures are often unpredictable, but triggers can induce them, such as stress and environmental toxins. Being aware of potential seizure triggers helps avodid another occurance.

Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of the brain can trigger epilepsy. Trauma, illness, brain damage, abnormal development, food intolerances, and heavy metal toxicity can all be factors with epileptic patients. It is estimated that over 75% of patients with epilepsy do not know what is causing their seizure activity.

People with epilepsy are able to reduce the frequency of their seizure activity through dietary modifications and removing heavy metals from the body.

Certain food intolerances such as gluten (wheat, barley, rye, etc) casein (dairy), corn, or soy can be a major “triggers” for patients with epilepsy.

Heavy metal toxicity

Once of the most common ways that we experience heavy metal toxicity is through our teeth. Mercury fillings, gold crowns, and other metals that are placed in our mouth have the ability to “leak” into our bodies and accumulate in various organs, including the brain.

The brain and the Bazan effect

the brain consumes 20% of body oxygen and the central nervous system (CNS) is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Iron overexposure causes oxidative stress and ROS, which upregulate the c-fos gene.

Dr. Bazan is a neuroscientist who’s work influenced me while I was a resident at LSU and long before I had a quantum perspective.  Dr Jack Kruse shares extensively about his work; he was the first person who was able to link clinical diseases to the RPE in the retina by discovering what’s now called “the Bazan effect”. He was initially studying what effect seizures and lack of blood flow had on the CNS.  He found when the brain is stressed for any reason, neurons release two types of essential fatty acids, namely omega 6 and omega 3.  There names are arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexonic acid (DHA).  These are essential FFA’s because the body has a poor capacity to make them endogenously.

Following this discovery, when they systemically administered Neuroprotectin D-1 (NPD1), they discovered that NPD1 regulated these bursts of brain electrical activity. So it not only reduced the aberrant brain cell signaling leading to severe generalized seizures, but also the spontaneous recurrent seizures. (Neuroprotectin D-1, discovered in the Bazan lab, is derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega 3 fatty acid found in fish oil.)

Resources

1. Hironishi M., Ueyama E., Senba E. Systematic expression of immediate early genes and intensive astrocyte activation induced by intrastriatal ferrous iron injection. Brain Res. 1999;828:145–153. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01356-6. doi.org/ [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

What You Should Know about Wireless Radiation: Health Impacts on Babies and Children

Wireless radiation is just one form of electromagnetic fields (or EMFs).

These are invisible waves of energy emitted by electronic devices like WiFi routers, cell phones, and baby monitors.

You can’t see them, but these EMFs are how your iPad and all mobile devices connects to the cell tower.

You cannot sense these as with other pollution such as smog, noise pollution, but your body is definitely sensitive to these fields.

Children are uniquely vulnerable to wireless radiation.

Children are more vulnerable to wireless radiation and cell phone radiation because they have smaller heads, they have thinner skulls, and they have developing brains. Research shows that children absorb higher levels of wireless radiation.

Wherever you are using your wireless device, this radiation is being absorbed into your body, quite intensely, whenever it’s nearby. So, if it’s in your head, you’re going to get high levels of absorption of the non-ionizing radiation into your head and brain. If it’s near the abdomen and you’re pregnant, your body will receive that radiation as will your developing baby.

Wireless radiation is linked to a wide range of symptoms.

Before it even becomes an acute disease, Some studies of people living near cell towers have also confirmed an array of health complaints, including dizziness, nausea, headaches, tinnitus and insomnia, from people identified as having "electromagnetic hypersensitivity."

Wireless radiation is considered a carcinogen.

In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an arm of the World Health Organization, cited troubling but uncertain evidence in classifying wireless radiation as “possibly carcinogenic to humans.”

In 2018, a study by the federal government that was nearly two decades in the making found “clear evidence” that cellphone radiation caused cancer in lab animals. A major study in Italy produced similar results.

The main reason for this new classification was its linked to gliomas.

Cellphone radiation was classified a “possible carcinogen” in 2011 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization, a conclusion based on human epidemiological studies that found an increased risk of glioma, a malignant brain cancer, associated with cellphone use.

Gliomas are the most common CNS tumors in children and adolescents; it is usually a fast-growing cancer that affects your child's brain or spinal cord.

Leukaemia and brain cancer are BOTH among the top five most common childhood cancers in most countries that track such statistics, from Singapore, Malaysia in the tropics to the UK, across Europe.

In fact, leukaemia and brain cancer account for more than half of all childhood cancers. Check out the population statistics in countries such as the UK, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia. By contrast, these cancers are rare in adults.

While these childhood cancers are rare and have high overall survival, it remains the first cause of death from

disease in children and adolescents. Can you imagine what the leading factor to such cancers are?

They’ve been concerned for a long time.

“They” being the many official institutions. For example, before the WHO’s 2011 official declaration, between 2008 and 2011, the European Union Parliament and the Council of Europe passed multiple resolutions against the “early, ill-considered, and prolonged use of mobiles and other devices emitting microwaves.”

The European parliaments’ advice for an exposure level was called A.L.A.R.A. (as low as reasonably achievable). (How low is still up to you to achieve as there are no standard regulations.)

Many medical associations in North America and Europe have also issued public statements to warn about the serious health risks associated with using wireless devices. Among them, the American Academy of Environmental Medicine wrote:

Wireless radiation is linked to autism and spectrum disorders.

A majority of studies that have looked at something called oxidative stress have found an effect. Now oxidative stress can lead to inflammation and more inflammation can lead to a lot of other health implications.

Dr. Martha Herbert documented in her publications, looking at autism and ADHD, there is inflammation in the brain. With electromagnetic fields, there are studies showing inflammation as well.

Many clinicians, doctors, and health professionals have found reducing electromagnetic fields can help with kids who have behavioral problems or have autism and other health issues. It’s been a way to impact or reduce electromagnetic fields that can support the child’s resilience.

Wireless radiation can cause behavioural problems in children.

If you are pregnant and exposed to cellphone radiation, your baby could be born susceptible to behavioural issues. A Yale study in 2012 found hyperactivity and reduced memory in mice exposed to cellphone radiation in the womb, consistent with human epidemiological research showing a rise in behavioral disorders among children who were exposed to cellphones in the womb.

The researchers exposed the pregnant mice to radiation from a muted and silenced cell phone positioned above the cage and placed on an active phone call for the duration of the trial. A control group of mice was kept under the same conditions but with the phone deactivated (such as being on “airplane mode”).

After the mice were born, researchers conducted psychological and behavioral tests, as well as measured their brain electrical activity.

“We have shown that behavioral problems in mice that resemble ADHD are caused by cell phone exposure in the womb. The evidence is really, really strong now that there is a causal relationship between cellphone radiation exposure and behavior issues in children. — Dr. Hugh Taylor, the author of the mouse study and chair of the obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences department at the Yale School of Medicine”

Concerned scientists are advocating for education around possible harms of wireless tech and how it should be used with care around children.

The BabySafe Project was conceived jointly by Dr. Devra Davis of Environmental Health Trust and Patti and Doug Wood of Grassroots Environmental Education after attending a conference in Stonington, Connecticut — it was where Dr. Hugh Taylor of Yale School of Medicine presented the results of his important study on fetal exposures to cell phone radiation. https://www.babysafeproject.org/science

Your child may already be suffering from EMF

A case in Canada saw three young children with an environmental intolerance, medically known as electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). They regularly suffered with symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, concentration and memory problems, anxiety, abdominal pain, nosebleeds, ringing in the ears, and more. These symptoms were otherwise unexplainable.

In May of 2012, to accommodate children with EHS and to provide choice for parents who want to heed health warnings to reduce exposure for children who are most vulnerable, the BC Confederation of Parent Advisory Councils (BCCPAC) called for a moratorium on Wi-Fi in schools.

EMFs health impacts begin pre-conception.

Higher levels of exposure could reduce sperm quality in men and increase miscarriage risk in women. The two miscarriage studies, conducted by Kaiser Permanente and funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, are particularly interesting because they're some of the only ones to date that actually measured EMF exposure in subjects using a magnetic field monitoring device.

"We took [913 pregnant women] and asked them to wear the monitor for the duration of their pregnancy. Studies right now aren't using the meters because most of them are focusing on cancer. Cancer can take 20 years to develop—you can't measure your exposure from 20 years ago, so in those cases, you just ask how much the person uses their cell phone." — reproductive epidemiologist De-Kun Li, MD, PhD, the principle investigator on both studies (one published in 2002, one published in 2017).

Any safety regulations is out of date.

Any safety data is so out of date, it is not even funny.

No standards even consider the impact to a pregnant woman, as that research didn’t exist 25 years ago.

For example, the US Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, based on an adult male and they don’t even consider a child’s developing brain. They last adjusted its woefully outdated health standards for wireless radiation a quarter-century ago, well before wireless devices became ubiquitous, heavily used appliances synonymous with modern life.

5G wireless radiation is a new beast.

Until now, most of us use the second-, third-, and fourth-generation cell phones (2G, 3G, 4G) that emit radiofrequency in the frequency range of 0.7-2.7 GHz.

Fifth-generation (5G) cell phones are anticipated to use the frequency spectrum up to 80 GHz.

That’s an astounding leap!

I hope this compilation of research and studies will help you make a more informed decision about Wifi and its use in your family.

Resources & recommendations

• https://www.babysafeproject.org/science

• Read the study of real-world exposure to non-ionizing radiation from magnetic fields in pregnant women found a significantly higher rate of miscarriage (December 13, 2017)

• Your quick guide to reducing exposure at home

• Is your child already experiencing exposure to EMFs? Check out 12 common symptoms that you may not know about.

• Get in touch for a free discovery call on how to kick wireless radiation exposure out of your house.

Five Ways Artificial Blue Light Is Not Your Friend

What is blue light?

Blue light is a high-energy visible light with a wave length between 400 and 450 nanometers (nm).

From a natural source, such as the Sun, the shorter, high energy blue wavelengths collide with the air molecules causing blue light to scatter. This is what makes the sky look blue.

Artificial blue light comes from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), often used in energy-efficient light bulbs, as well as the lighting in our electronics, laptops, phones, TVs, tablets – anything powered by electricity likely has blue light.

Artificial blue light is quite different from blue light received from a natural source (like the Sun) as part of a balanced light spectrum. Although an LED bulb and an incandescent lamp might both be rated at the same brightness, the light energy from the LED might come from a source the size of the head of a pin compared to the significantly larger surface of the incandescent source. Looking directly at the point of the LED is dangerous for the very same reason it is unwise to look directly at the sun in the sky.

Sources of Blue Light Exposure

Most of us are exposed to much more blue light that we realize. Sources include:

• Sunlight (the biggest source)

• Electronics like TVs, phones, tablets and computers

• Light bulbs and other sources of artificial lighting: fluorescent light, compact fluorescent light bulbs and LED light (LED bulbs are especially harmful)

Blue light at night messes up your circadian rhythm

Research has demonstrated that nighttime light exposure suppresses the production of melatonin, the major hormone secreted by the pineal gland that controls sleep and wake cycles. 

Do you remember when nighttime lights were a cosy hue of amber and orange?

Until 1879 when Thomas Edison patented the electric lightbulb, artificial lighting didn’t exist and after sunset, people relied on candles, lanterns, and fires for light. Blue wavelengths of light that are absent in light sources like candles, lanterns, and fires.

Today’s new lighting tech in LEDs have almost nothing BUT blue wavelengths of light. In many countries, night street lights that were once orange-coloured emissions from older sodium lights are rapidly being replaced by white-coloured emissions produced by LEDs.

Local LED street lighting has dramatically reduced even nocturnal insect populations.

The lower your melatonin levels, the greater your risks of cancer.

Blue light at night ruins your sleep

30,000+ cells in the eye sense blue light and these cells signal the pineal gland to suppress the secretion of the hormone melatonin. Melatonin is necessary for sleep, and when it is suppressed at night, when it should be increasing, it literally affects yoru sleep quality.

Light at night is part of the reason so many people don’t get enough sleep,

blue light can cause immune issues

A study found a direct link between blue light exposure and an increased risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer. People exposed to high levels of outdoor blue light, like street lights, at night had a higher risk of developing breast cancer and prostate cancer, compared with those who were less exposed.

Blue light can cause diabetes

A Harvard study looked at the connection of blue light at night to diabetes and possibly obesity. The researchers put 10 people on a schedule that gradually shifted the timing of their circadian rhythms. Their blood sugar levels increased, throwing them into a prediabetic state, and levels of leptin, a hormone that leaves people feeling full after a meal, went down.

Quality light is life

The light you live in is directly related to your quality of life.

that light and sleep are two of the most under-used tools for improving health (and that improper management of both are two of the biggest reasons for many health problems)

References & Resources

1. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/14/increase-in-led-lighting-risks-harming-human-and-animal-health

2. Towns and cities reversing their decision on LEDs to mitigate the harmful impacts on health and ecology https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/mar/19/good-heavens-north-yorkshire-village-hawnby-switches-to-dark-sky-friendly-lighting

3. 10 ways to protect yourself from blue-light exposure and melatonin suppression