Study: Polyester Underwear Decreases Sperm Count and Motility

Your daily choice of underwear really can have an impact on your fertility, and men, it has a direct effect on your sperm.

The study

Twenty-four dogs were divided into two equal groups, one of which wore cotton underpants and the other polyester ones.[1]

Seven dogs wearing nothing were used as controls. The underwear was fashioned to fit loosely in the scrotal area so as to avoid its insulating effect.

The dogs wore these continuously for 24 months during which the researchers measured the semen character, testicular temperature, hormones (serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin) and testicular biopsy were examined.

The study results

By the end of 24 months, the dogs wearing polyester underpants had lower sperm count and slower sperms.

After removing the polyester underpants, semen improved gradually to normal in 10 dogs. However, sperm counts remained low for two dogs.

other studies on the effects of wearing polyester clothing

In another study done in 2007 by the same researcher, the electrostatic potential from polyester garments was found to have an 'injurious effect on the ovarian and placental function,' which in turn caused low serum progesterone and spontaneous abortions.

The strong dyes used on synthetic fabrics, subjects tested contracted lymphomatoid dermatitis and different other cutaneous reactions.

Another study in 1992 checked out how polyester worn as a sling could work as a contraceptive for men. Fourteen men wore “polyester slings” for 12 months. The researchers tracked the semen character, testicular size, rectal-testicular temperature difference, serum reproductive hormones and testicular biopsy.

They also measured the electrostatic potentials generated between the scrotum and the polyester.

By the end of the 12 months, all men became azoospermic with an average of 139.6 +/- 20.8 sd days, with decrease in both testicular volume (P less than 0.05) and rectal-testicular temperature difference!

After the men gave up wearing the polyester sling underwear, it took an average of period of 156.6 +/- 14.8 sd days for their sperm to return to average.

The researchers concluded:

“The azoospermic effect of the polyester sling seems to be due to two mechanisms: 1) the creation of an electrostatic field across the intrascrotal structures, and 2) disordered thermoregulation. To conclude, fertile men can be rendered azoospermic by wearing the polyester sling. It is a safe, reversible, acceptable and inexpensive method of contraception in men.”

I don’t know about but that "polyester sling” sounds like most underwear to me.

What does this mean for your health?

Clothing can disrupt the electrostatic potentials generated by the polyester fabric play a role in it.

The lymphatic system becomes overwhelmed with yet another source of toxins; the toxic polyester fabrics that we wear directly on our largest organ, our skin. It slows down and becomes sluggish, leading to inflammation and disease.

Sperm production takes about three months from start to finish, so take the action to switch out your wardrobe, as it may take that long for your sperm quality to improve. For a long time the spotlight (and burden) lay pretty much on female fertility. However, a male fertility crisis has been looming, perhaps just below sight.

If you found this study interesting, check out my full guide to EMFs and your microbiome. It’s free, and you’ll find facts and resources on how electromagnetic fields can impact very basic cellular functions in your body.

References

1. Shafik A. Effect of different types of textile fabric on spermatogenesis: an experimental study. Urol Res. 1993;21(5):367-70. doi: 10.1007/BF00296839. PMID: 8279095. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8279095/

2. Shafik A. Contraceptive efficacy of polyester-induced azoospermia in normal men. Contraception. 1992 May;45(5):439-51. doi: 10.1016/0010-7824(92)90157-o. PMID: 1623716. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1623716/

3. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23631520-600-were-heading-for-a-male-fertility-crisis-and-were-not-prepared/

Lifestyle Tip for a Calm Home - Deep Sleep

Of all the factors contributing to poor health and unsatisfied relationships, stress is perhaps the most overlooked.  

At home, while the stress response can be a helpful biological function, enabling you to respond to daily tasks, demands, and and urgencies, this "lifesaving" reaction ends up doing far more harm than good when continually triggered.

And many of the small everyday details at home can trigger stress: financial worries, clutter, juggling multiple tasks, overwhelming demands, even if they are from our loved ones…

Why you want deep sleep

Deep sleep is the stage of sleep that helps the brain rest and recover, allowing it to replenish energy. keeping hormones balanced. The pituitary gland secretes human growth hormone during this stage, which helps tissues in the body grow and regenerate cells.

The most important thing that a person can do is to set aside more time for sleep. Doing so allows the body to go through more sleep cycles, which makes it possible to have more deep sleep.

Emotional Resilience Reduces the Impact of Stress

Stress is an inescapable part of life; it's how you address it that will determine whether it will translate into health problems later on. The stress reaction should dissipate as quickly as possible after the perceived danger has passed. The scientific term for this is "resilience" — your ability to rapidly return to normal, physically and emotionally, after a stressful event.

Resilient People Are More Tuned in to Bodily Cues of Stress

During times of stress and uncertainty, your resilience is a crucial factor for how well you get through things; “resilience” is the scientific term for your body’s ability to rapidly return to normal or a harmonious equilibrium.

Some people are naturally more resilient than others, and researchers have long pondered the reasons why. One hypothesis is that people who are more resilient have learnt to listen to their body. 

Deep Sleep Builds Emotional Resilience

Exposure to trauma can weaken your emotional resilience. The good news is you can rebuild or improve it as well. One solid strategy that can help build emotional resilience is good sleep. Research shows people who get more deep sleep are less fearful.

The study,6 published in the Journal of Neuroscience, claims to be the first to demonstrate that sound, deep sleep helps buffer against emotional distress, while sleeping poorly raises your risk of experiencing a difficult event as emotionally traumatizing. According to the authors:

"Sleep, and particularly rapid-eye movement sleep (REM), has been implicated in the modulation of neural activity following fear conditioning and extinction in both human and animal studies. It has long been presumed that such effects play a role in the formation and persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder, of which sleep impairments are a core feature … 

In the current study, we employed long-term mobile sleep monitoring and functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to explore whether trait-like variations in sleep patterns … predict subsequent patterns of neural activity during fear learning. 

Our results indicate that higher baseline levels of REM sleep predict reduced fear-related activity in, and connectivity between, the hippocampus, amygdala and ventromedial PFC during conditioning. Additionally, skin-conductance-responses (SCR) were weakly correlated to the activity in the amygdala. 

Conversely, there was no direct correlation between REM sleep and SCR, indicating that REM may only modulate fear acquisition indirectly. In a follow-up experiment, we show that these results are replicable, though to a lesser extent, when measuring sleep over a single night just prior to conditioning. As such, baseline sleep parameters may be able to serve as biomarkers for resilience, or lack thereof, to trauma."

The link between mental health and REM sleep (deep sleep)

Long-standing clinical observations demonstrate that nearly all mood and anxiety disorders co-occur with one or more sleep abnormalities. 

And for Mothers, post partum depression and emotional resilience

Much of “post partum depression” is in fact sleep deprivation that wears at our ability to cope with the range of physical, psychological, and hormonal changes—that occur at least well over the first year of having baby.

For the woman whose nervous system is frozen and suppressed, the intensity of birth (despite being a worthwhile experience to bring their baby earth side) can expose, provoke, or stir up stored survival stress from old trauma resulting in the labels PPA or PPD.

(And if you didn’t know, suicide is the leading cause of death for new moms.)

When I became a mother, the bone-deep exhaustion that comes with it coloured my world. Even though I learnt to function daily with it, my mind battled a continual fog.

There is nothing quite like new parent sleep deprivation. It can be a shock for new parents, and even for second (or third, fourth...) time parents. 

Rather than adding emotional demands on the new, emotionally worn, parent, I believe it is more effective to prioritise space for quality rest.

Create emotional resilience at home with deep sleep

Sleep post-children will probably never be the same. However, recharging looks different as a mom, and I have learnt to expand my definition of rest to include relaxing activities and naps instead of believing that night-time sleep is the only good form of rest. 

Here are some ways to create small spaces to rest at home during the day:

• Comfortable seating areas around the house. If you have a few minutes on the couch, close your eyes and allow them to rest by taking in less light and visual stimulation.

• Uncluttered areas where you can relax into a soothing stretch or yoga pose, such as a child’s pose or legs up the wall. This allows your parasympathetic system to kick in as your breathing slows down.

• Baby’s nap area is not just a space reserved for childish slumber. It’s a vital spot to replenish your nurturing energies. When you do get to nap with your nap, avoid television, radio, and looking at your clock so you aren’t counting the moments to do the chores (or when baby has broken the nap). A cool, dark environment is also optimal for napping, if it is calm for adult as well as children’s sensibilities.

• Create a bedroom sleep sanctuary. Have fun with this and make it a place for rest beyond your wildest dreams.

Does your home help or hinder how well you handle difficult circumstances? How well do you handle the effects of stress and negative emotions? Let’s make space for real deep sleep — for real emotional resilience.

How to Make Your Bed: The Building Biology Way

“If you make your bed, you will have accomplished the first task of the day. That was the golden nugget of advice that Admiral McRaven gave during a commencement address: “make your bed.” You can watch the short clip here.

It seems innocuous, but the truth is that making your bed automatically gives you a “win” at the very beginning of your day. This win greatly impacts your motivation to keep going and, therefore, your actions. What if this “win” is biologically primed to support your health and vitality? Making your bed could be a crucial daily routine that sets up a biologically supportive sleep sanctuary for you to have quality deep sleep.

As McRaven puts it, “if you want to change the world, start off by making your bed.”

So, is there a biologically optimal way to make a bed? What can we learn from the health issues plaguing modern life about how to approach designing for this important chunk of everyday life? Here are some notes on the ideal biological sleeping arrangements—from sleep hygiene to non-toxic materials.

Making your bed helps deep sleep

If you make your bed with your health in mind, you are creating a clean, tox-free sleeping environment. You are making a space that you can rest and relax easily in. Good sleep helps maintain a healthy circadian rhythm — this is is vital because many bodily and hormonal functions operate based on your circadian rhythm, including such important everyday functions such as sleepiness, wakefulness, and hunger. 

If you can make your bed every day, you would be creating a bed sanctuary for proper daily deep sleep that necessary for health.

Why you want deep sleep

Deep sleep is the stage of sleep that helps the brain rest and recover, allowing it to replenish energy. keeping hormones balanced. The pituitary gland secretes human growth hormone during this stage, which helps tissues in the body grow and regenerate cells.

The most important thing that a person can do is to set aside more time for sleep. Doing so allows the body to go through more sleep cycles, which makes it possible to have more deep sleep.

But we know getting good sleep is not as simple as just closing your eyes. Setting up your bed and bedroom environment as a sleep sanctuary will help you achieve this.

Here are how sleep strategies can help from the perspective of building biology. And in every single action, these habits can be very powerful. As you sleep in your bed night after night, waking up from the same bed routine day after day.

So let’s look at a few closely…

Choose natural bedding

The options can seem overwhelming when it comes to sheets and pillows. Consider your sheets and pillows and choose what is tox-free and most sleep-enhancing for your needs.

The most tox-free bedding is made with natural fabrics through processes that use less water than traditional practices and don’t require harsh chemicals like pesticides or bleach or inexpensive and dangerous additives like micro plastics.

Useful guidelines include: Global Organic Textile Standard, Standard 100 by OEKO-TEX, Cradle to Cradle, and Fair Trade. These give their individual stamps of approval on products, promising that they meet certain markers in order to be considered ethically sourced, organic, safe, and responsibly labeled.

Depending on your preferences, natural bedding generally boast inherent benefits like moisture wicking and antibacterial properties.

Here is a brief list:

• Organic cotton

  Cotton is breathable, inexpensive, readily available, and easy to care for. Organic also means it is processed without using chemicals like fertilizers or pesticides or genetic modifications which reduce its susceptibility to insects like bollworm.

• Organic Hemp & Organic Linen

  Two more classic natural bedding fabrics are hemp and linen. They’re both stronger than cotton, with hemp being up to eight times stronger.

• Eucalyptus fiber

  The feel of eucalyptus is downy, resistant to irritants like dust and mold, and naturally cooling. Eucalyptus plants also combat congestion, repel insects, and promote relaxation.

• Organic latex

  The properties of organic latex make it naturally mold-, mildew-, bacteria-, and dust-resistant.

Declutter the bedroom

A clean home is a happy home, because it is a healthy.

While a home doesn’t need to be sanitised or spotless, when you tidy the bedroom, it provides a clear slate for restful sleep.

Tidying the bedroom will not only provide you with another small win for the day, it will relieve stress so that your mind can fully focus on what matters most. Learn how building biology principles can be a part of stress management techniques.

Declutter your light environment

Avoiding blue light, such as smartphones or computers near bedtime, is essential to allowing the cascade of hormones necessary for enough deep rest.

At night, keep the room as dark as possible by covering windows and turning off lights from alarm clocks and other electronic devices.

Opening and shutting your windows helps make a consistent sleep schedule and trying to fall asleep and wake up at consistent times.

Declutter your EMF environment

The last thing you want in your bedroom environment are artificial EMFs. Sleep is when your body begins the heavy duty of clearing fluid.

Artificial EMFs interfere with this process, and add oxidative stress, which leads to inflammation and weakens your cells over time[*]. Your body uses up antioxidants combating EMF radiation, leaving your cells open to damage from other sources of stress.

Growing research has found that EMFs may hit your brain especially hard and could even contribute to neurodegeneration.

EMFs can come from WiFi, cell phones, laptops, and other everyday electronic devices. Learn more here, or book a home consult.

Taking the time to make your bed

As society seem to get ever busier and high tech, sleep is seeming a bigger and bigger luxury and all things bedroom is seeing a renaissance of interest as people chase what they perceive to be elusive sleep.

I think we are realising the importance of how intertwined our bed and sleep: it is part of basic hygiene and essential to our self-care.

We spend a third of our lives asleep, or about under half of every day. This means that we are constantly being exposed to any chemicals or microscopic bacteria. It also means we are exposed to any pollution and toxins permeating our sleep environment.

The good news is that you can decrease a lot of your exposure to pollution, and increase your resilience, by a lot with just the simple action of making your bed. Try making your bed daily with these building biology practices.

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For more help, get in touch for a FREE discovery call to find out your needs to create the perfect sleep sanctuary.

So let’s get started because making your bed can change your health.

P.S. Don’t forget to grab your guide to a biological home. click here, and I’ll send it to your inbox in a few minutes. This is the perfect way to get started with the building biology principles you just learnt about.

Study: Early life circadian rhythm disruption in mice alters brain and behavior in adulthood

Health begins with the light you live in. The AM light is a powerful opportunity to reset your circadian rhythms, that govern all of your body’s biological processes.

This is especially crucial during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, when development is at a sensitive stage.

Anyone can tell you it is also a stage when time flies and space just seems a perpetual chaos!

The study

Beginning on the day of birth, female mice and their litters were exposed to either a regular light-dark cycle or a disrupting light-dark cycle where dark onset was brought forward by 8 hours every second day.

Early circadian rhythm disturbances on adult spatial learning, working memory, and anxiety

The 12 mice were assessed using the Elevated Plus Maze. The disrupted animals had significantly less entries into the open arms than did the undisrupted control group. In other words, the diminished exploratory behavior is consistent with higher anxiety-like behavior in the disrupted animals.

Also, the disrupted animals spent significantly less time in the exposed arms (8.1 ± 11.0 s) compared to the controls.

The same mice were then assessed using Morris Water Maze. The disrupted animals took significantly more time to reach the platform compared to controls.

The researchers also examined neuronal complexity in the areas of the brain hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, respectively.

Circadian disruption during the last trimester and extending to the preschool years

The first 3 weeks postnatal in mice are comparable to a relatively wide developmental period in humans.

Postnatal days 1–10 exhibit developmental stages that correspond to the last trimester of pregnancy in humans, while brain development events in mice at postnatal days 20–21 are roughly equivalent to human brain development events observed at 2–3 years of age in children50.

This suggests that circadian disruption during the last trimester and extending to the preschool years could still have an impact on brain development. Indeed, poor sleep at 2 years of age is associated with less gray matter at 7 years of age14.

Additionally, poor sleep at 6–12 months of age17, or at 2 years of age18,19 were both predictive of delayed social-emotional development in children.

Why this is important for every mother and child

This study adds to the growing body of research we know about how circadian rhythms, including uneven sleep patterns, can affect health.

Other studies find similar effects in hyperactivity and increased anxiety.

Aside from socioeconomic status and other environmental stressors, one area that is consistently adversely impacted in these cases is the quality of sleep.

While in utero disruption led to more severe impairments in adulthood, significant deficits were still observed when circadian disruption was restricted to the postnatal period, such as was observed in the mouse study.

Infancy and childhood are critical periods for the growth and development of brain and behaviour. Adversity during this period can have profound implications for how the child develops, leading to deficits later in life such as increase rates of psychopathology.

If you are doing shift work, this could impact the circadian health of the child as well.

Sleep is a premium for any mom during pregnancy and in the precious post partum months with a newborn. Prioritising a regular, quality sleep routine is a crucial part of ensuring a healthy baby and his or her brain development, with implications far beyond just what we think we would observe.

Link to study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-11335-0

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Share if you found this study helpful.

Get in touch to make your personal health sanctuary. #morninglight #morningreset #biologicalliving #naturallight #blockbluelightatnight #circadianrhythm #sunlight

EMFs and Babies: Why You Need to Protect Your Child

Babies born today are exposed to EMFs from cellphones from the moment they’re conceived probably until the day they die.

Whether children are vulnerable to RF has been debated for the last 20 years, when children were widely exposed to mobile phones. And in everyday life, children are increasingly exposed to indoor and outdoor EMF.

As parents, we know interference with a child’s development at a fragile stage is probably unwise. We have the power to be responsible for our children’s health.

My personal opinion is to not let wireless devices around children, especially if they are below five years of age.

Given its detrimental effects on a child’s developing nervous system, some go as far as to say Mobile phones, tablets, and computer screens should be banned for children under six. Behavioural signs are clear; they make kids 'more irritable' and 'worsen their concentration and memory skills'.

But what about the biological and health impacts that begin long before any observable symptoms are seen?

In this article, we focus on the wireless radiation emitted by such devices and examine why they are so harmful to children.

What are artificial EMFs?

In modern societies that run on electricity, although we cannot totally escape the presence of artificial EMFs, or nnEMFs, we can take steps and adopt habits that will greatly reduce our exposure.

Artificial EMFs is known by different names:

• Electro-smog

• Electro-pollution

• nnEMF (non native EMF)

• Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)

• Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

There are different types of artificial EMFs, which can be broadly categorised into two types: EMF exposure is divided into two categories: extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radio frequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies.

The latter, Radio Frequency (RF) (RF-EMF), can also be called:

• Wireless/WiFi/Bluetooth Radiation

• Microwave Radiation

How much is too much?

There have been no pre-market studies, No long-term studies, No opportunity for an individual to opt-out of this technology, and It's everywhere.

We know children are most vulnerable to its effects.

Wireless radiation and 5G

The increased use of radiofrequency (RF) fields above 6 GHz, particularly for the 5 G mobile phone network, has given rise to public concern about any possible adverse effects to human health

Notably, wireless radiation, or pulsed EMFs, is increasing at an exponential rate as many countries speed towards 5G adoption for an Internet of Things-type society.

Such wireless radiation, are, in most cases, more active than are non-pulsed EMFs.

Artificial EMFs interfere with brain development

90% of the brain development happens in the first five years of a child’s life. Until the age of two, myelin, the fatty substance that surrounds neurons, is produced at an incredible pace . After age two, production slows but continues into adulthood. The uncompleted myelin sheaths, as well as the unprotected axons, can be easily damaged by RF-EMF. This can lead to axonal degeneration and decreased action potential speeds.

Most of the studies are animal studies on prenatal RF exposure. Prenatal exposure to 900 MHz resulted in substantial loss of granule cells [9] or a significant reduction in pyramidal neurons [10]. Mice exposed to in utero RF from cellular telephones were hyperactive and demonstrated memory impairment after birth [11]. EMFs from mobile phones changed the blood-brain barrier’s permeability and damaged neurons in the brains of exposed rats [12-14].

If you expose them to wireless pulsed nnEMF even before their brain has fully formed, this could reduce their cognitive potential. The more RF-EMF that is absorbed by the brain in a child, the more exposed the neurons

can become as demyelination progresses.

Image from: Moon JH. Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children. Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020 Nov;63(11):422-428. doi: 10.3345/cep.2019.01494. Epub 2020 May 26. PMID: 32683815; PMCID: PMC7642138.

Children are more vulnerable to EMFs

The nervous systems of children are more vulnerable to the effects of electromagnetic waves than adults. The developing nervous system is more conductive and absorbs more electromagnetic energies than those of adults [4].

The younger the brain is, the more damage from the nnEMF. Children do not have a fully developed myelin sheath—a layer of fat that protects the brain.

The conductivity of children is higher due to higher moisture and ionic content than adults

Their bodies are more likely to become an antenna for these wireless EMFs.

Children have thinner skulls

The skull thickness of adults is approximately 2 mm. However, the skull thickness of a 5-year-old child is approximately 0.5 mm and 1 mm in 10 years [39]. Therefore, radiation penetration is larger in children than in adults [39,40].

As a child’s head diameter is smaller, the energy-absorbing “hot spots,” the most sensitive parts of RF, are more pronounced [41]. Your child brain absorbs more radio frequencies than yours, whether from Bluetooth, WiFi, Cellphone, Dish TV, Smart meters...

Children will likely have a higher cumulative exposure

EMF effects are often cumulative; and EMFs may impact young people more than adults.[3]

In 2000, the “Stewart report” by the UK Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones declared that children may be more vulnerable to EMF than any other age groups [4,36]. They stated that “children are exposed to electromagnetic waves over a longer life time than adults and their nervous systems are in the process of development. As the conductivity of the children is higher due to higher moisture and ionic content than adults, and more than adults, children’s head absorbs a lot of RF energy” (Fig 3) [4].

Exposed in utero

In today’s world, most children are exposed to various manmade electromagnetic fields. Not only so in the womb, babies are born into environments swimming in electrosmog.

Common home sources are: extremely low-frequency EMFs are generated by electricity, various home appliances, in-house wiring, and outside high-voltage lines. Radio frequency EMFs waves are generated by mobile phones, smart devices, WiFi, base stations, and other devices.

Did you know? More EMFs are absorbed with the use of appliances that are close to the body (e.g., hair dryers, bidets, massagers, and electric blankets). The general recommendation is that electrical appliances should be used at least 30 cm away from the body.

A recognised carcinogen

The WHO maintains that “more evidence” is required to assess if children were more vulnerable to EMF because very few studies assessed this topic [29]. At the same time, the WHO recommends general measures such as reducing personal EMF exposure. They also recommend minimizing EMF exposure in schools, kindergartens, and any locations where children remain for a substantial part of the day.

Use the cautionary principle for our children

Children are more vulnerable to the effects of electromagnetic waves than those of adults.

While debate continues around the effects of EMFs on children’s health, precautionary principles should be followed for children and the exposure to EMFs among children should be minimized.

resources & references

[3] Pall ML. Wi-Fi is an important threat to human health. Environ Res. 2018 Jul;164:405-416. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.035. Epub 2018 Mar 21. PMID: 29573716. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29573716/

4. Stewart W. Mobile phones and health, report of independent expert group on mobile phones. Chilton (UK): IEGMP Secretariat; 2000. [Google Scholar] [Ref list]

Jin-Hwa Moon. Health effects of electromagnetic fields on children. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7642138/#b39-cep-2019-01494

39. Warille AA, Onger ME, Turkmen AP, Deniz ÖG, Altun G, Yurt KK, et al. Controversies on electromagnetic field exposure and the nervous systems of children. Histol Histopathol. 2016;31:461–8.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

40. Wiart J, Hadjem A, Gadi N, Bloch I, Wong MF, Pradier A, et al. Modeling of RF head exposure in children. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;Suppl 7:S19–30.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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40. Wiart J, Hadjem A, Gadi N, Bloch I, Wong MF, Pradier A, et al. Modeling of RF head exposure in children. Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;Suppl 7:S19–30.[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

41. Kritikos HN, Schwan HP. Hot spots generated in conducting spheres by electromagnetic waves and biological implications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1972;19:53–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]